I\u2019m no electrical engineer, (the closest experience I have with electricity is the amount of electrocution I received when I was a child [due to faulty cabling of electrical appliances]) so I will spare readers technical jargons and boring formulas because this guide is not aimed to be published in the International Journal of Mumbo-Jumbo. This guide is to help anyone how to confidently use the TDR feature when troubleshooting basic Layer 1 Ethernet issue.<\/p>\n
My knowledge with this feature is based entirely on experience and a lot of trial-and-error.<\/p>\n
What is Time-Domain Reflectometer (TDR)?<\/p>\n
\u201cA time-domain reflectometer (TDR) is an electronic instrument used to characterize and locate faults in metallic cables (for example, twisted wire pairs, coaxial cables)1.\u201d<\/p>\n
For the sake of this document, \u201cTDR testing\u201d and \u201cTDR\u201d are used interchangeably to sow confusion to the un-initiated. They both mean the same.<\/p>\n
How can TDR help me?<\/p>\n
TDR, in its simplest form, can help you determine IF you have a cable problem, WHICH pair(s) is\/are faulty and HOW FAR away the fault is.<\/p>\n
Typically, when you have a Layer 1 issue there are a lot of factors to consider:<\/p>\n
Local-end Side (LeS) patch cable;
\nLocal-end Side (LeS) patch panel (including punch block);
\nHorizontal cable;
\nRemote-end (Red) patch panel (including punch block);
\nRemote-end (Red) patch cable; and
\nRemote-end (Red) device NIC
\nSo you see, dear readers, TDR minimize the guess-work.<\/p>\n
Picture this \u2026<\/p>\n
Before we begin, let me give you the \u201clay of the land\u201d. Presume the following scenario:<\/p>\n
Drawing1.jpg<\/p>\n
What model of Cisco switch does TDR work on?<\/p>\n
Firstly, not all switch model support TDR. TDR feature first came out with the Catalyst 2960. So here is the list of which ones will work and will not:<\/p>\n
Model<\/p>\n
TDR Support<\/p>\n
2960<\/p>\n
Yes1, 2<\/p>\n
2960G<\/p>\n
Yes<\/p>\n
2960S<\/p>\n
Yes<\/p>\n
2918<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
2350<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
2360<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
2975<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
3560<\/p>\n
No<\/p>\n
3560G<\/p>\n
Yes<\/p>\n
3560E\/3560X<\/p>\n
Yes<\/p>\n
3750<\/p>\n
No<\/p>\n
3750G<\/p>\n
Yes<\/p>\n
3750E\/3750X<\/p>\n
Yes<\/p>\n
Nexus 2K<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
Nexus 5K<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
Nexus 7K<\/p>\n
Yes3<\/p>\n
Sup7E\/X4548<\/p>\n
Yes<\/p>\n
Note:<\/p>\n
1. The 2960 will support TDR in both the FastEthernet and dual-personality GigiabitEthernet port, however, when used on a FastEthernet port, TDR will only test the first two pairs, namely Pairs A & B. For obvious reasons, Pairs C and D will not be tested when used on non-GigabitEthernet ports.
\n2. Except the WS-C2960-48PDL, when using the copper GigabitEthernet port of the Catalyst 2960, one must manually set the interface to copper using the command \u201cmedia rj\u201d before the test can be conducted.
\n3. Confirmed by Cisco TAC, Ankur Garg.
\nThe list does not include modules\/blades for the Catalyst 4000\/4500, 5000\/5500, 6000\/6500 although it is mentioned here that TDR was introduced with IOS Release 12.2 ZY for the Catalyst 6000\/6500. It\u2019s not included in the list above because I don\u2019t have the resources to test and verify.<\/p>\n
Legacy Cisco Catalyst models 1900, 2900XL\/3500XL, 2940\/2950\/2955, 2948G and 2970 are not supported. Routers are also not supported. I do not have any resources to test router Ethernet Switch Modules (NME, HWIC, EHWIC). Wireless Access Points do not support TDR.<\/p>\n
Why doesn\u2019t the FastEthernet-flavoured 3560 and 3750 support TDR and but the cheaper FastEthernet 2960 support TDR?<\/p>\n
Base on the time-line, the \u201cplain\u201d (or non-GigabitEthernet copper port) 3560 and 3750 came out BEFORE the 2960. The \u201cchip\u201d for the TDR was included in the design of the 2960. When Cisco released the 3560G and 3750G later, someone made the ultimate decision to include the TDR feature as a standard. Therefore, the plain 3560 and 3750 are the only two series that WON\u2019T HAVE the TDR feature. (Take note reader: Emphasis on the words \u201cWON\u2019T HAVE\u201d)<\/p>\n
Any Gotchas I need to be aware of?<\/p>\n
Switches need to run IOS version 12.2 or later. TDR is supported in IOS version 15.0. IOS version 12.0 and 12.1 do NOT support TDR.
\nIf you are running IOS version 12.2(46)SE or earlier, TDR test is DISRUPTIVE. During the test, the interface will go down and up. For obvious reasons, anything connected will lose network connectivity.
\nIf the remote-end device is a power-over-ethernet (PoE) device, the test will cause the device to lose power. If you have, for example, a Voice over IP (VoIP) phone and a PC client is connected to the phone, both the phone and client will lose network connectivity because the phone does not have a bypass functionality. This will affect ALL IOS versions.
\nParticularly when you are running old IOS versions, the test can take between five (5) to seven (7) seconds.
\nTDR works on 10\/100\/1000BaseTx. Fibre optic ports (any flavours) is not covered\/discussed here. TenGigabitEthernet copper port DOES NOT (YET) support TDR.
\nCisco GLC-T\/GLC-TX SFP module does NOT support TDR.
\nThe next two Gotcha items are for those who plan to use the TDR feature on Cisco Catalyst 2960 and 2960G (2960S not included):<\/p>\n
1. The 2960 will support TDR in both the FastEthernet and dual-personality GigiabitEthernet port, however, when used on a FastEthernet port, TDR will only test the first two pairs, namely Pairs A & B. For obvious reasons, Pairs C and D will not be tested when used on non-GigabitEthernet ports. Pairs C and D will report a result of \u201cNot Supported\u201d.
\n2. Except the WS-C2960-48PDL, when using the copper GigabitEthernet (Gig 0\/1 and Gig 0\/2) ports of the Catalyst 2960, one must manually set the interface to copper using the command \u201cmedia rj\u201d before the test can be conducted.<\/p>\n
How to use TDR?<\/p>\n
The commands are very simple: One to start the test and the second command to display the result. Here is simple procedure:<\/p>\n
Command to start the TDR: \u201ctest cable tdr interface \u201d;
\nWait for about 5 to 7 seconds for the test to run; and
\nCommand to show the result of the TDR test: \u201cshow cable tdr interface \u201d
\nSee? Easy! Now let\u2019s see what the I results would look like.<\/p>\n
Interface<\/p>\n
Speed<\/p>\n
Local pair<\/p>\n
Pair length<\/p>\n
Remote pair<\/p>\n
Pair status<\/p>\n
Gi0\/1<\/p>\n
1000M<\/p>\n
Pair A<\/p>\n
3 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair A<\/p>\n
Normal<\/p>\n
Pair B<\/p>\n
3 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair B<\/p>\n
Normal<\/p>\n
Pair C<\/p>\n
3 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair C<\/p>\n
Normal<\/p>\n
Pair D<\/p>\n
3 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair D<\/p>\n
Normal<\/p>\n
So what does this result above tell us?<\/p>\n
Port tested is on GigabitEthernet 0\/1;
\nPort has negotiated to 1 Gbps;
\nCable use is a straight-through cable (look and compare the values of \u201cLocal pair\u201d and \u201cremote pair\u201d);
\nCable length is approximately 3 metres long and an error (length-wise) of 1 metre; and
\nAll four pairs are working fine (Pair status)
\nUnder \u201cPair status\u201d you can get the following results:<\/p>\n
Result<\/p>\n
Explaination<\/p>\n
Normal<\/p>\n
Ideal result you want.<\/p>\n
If testing FastEthernet, you want Pair A and B as \u201cNormal\u201d.
\nIf testing GigabitEthernet, you want ALL as \u201cNormal\u201d.
\nOpen<\/p>\n
Open circuit. This means that one (or more) pair has \u201cno pin contact\u201d.<\/p>\n
Short<\/p>\n
Short circuit.<\/p>\n
Impedance Mismatched<\/p>\n
Bad cable. For more explanation, go here.<\/p>\n
An ideal result is \u201cNormal\u201d. In practice, whether the remote-end device is FastEthernet or GigabitEthernet, I will never accept a TDR result other than \u201cNormal\u201d in all four pairs.<\/p>\n
Cable Pairs explained?<\/p>\n
This is how I see what each Pairs control:<\/p>\n
Pairs<\/p>\n
Function<\/p>\n
A<\/p>\n
This pair controls whether or not the port should go up or down.<\/p>\n
B<\/p>\n
Protocol-level and controls FastEthernet.<\/p>\n
C<\/p>\n
Power over Ethernet (PoE)<\/p>\n
D<\/p>\n
GigabitEthernet<\/p>\n
More examples<\/p>\n
Interface<\/p>\n
Speed<\/p>\n
Local pair<\/p>\n
Pair length<\/p>\n
Remote pair<\/p>\n
Pair status<\/p>\n
Gi0\/11<\/p>\n
100M<\/p>\n
Pair A<\/p>\n
13 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair B<\/p>\n
Normal<\/p>\n
Pair B<\/p>\n
12 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair A<\/p>\n
Normal<\/p>\n
Pair C<\/p>\n
0 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair D<\/p>\n
Open<\/p>\n
Pair D<\/p>\n
0 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair C<\/p>\n
Open<\/p>\n
Normally, this result would freak me out. Look at the items in RED. Pairs C and D are reporting a cable value of \u201c0\u201d. Next I move to the \u201cPair status\u201d and it\u2019s reported as an Open circuit. No pin contact. Whao! But look at the speed. It\u2019s 100 Mbps. So it\u2019s normal \u2026 I guess.<\/p>\n
But wait. What if the remote-end side (Red) client is a GigabitEthernet. So where is the faulty cabling? Which one of the patch cables? Or is it a horizontal cabling? Does the client support GigabitEthernet or not?<\/p>\n
Here\u2019s another clue: Look at the length of the cable for Pair A and B. It\u2019s reporting around 12 to 13 metres. Experience has taught me that my Local-end Side (LeS) cable doesn\u2019t exceed two metres. So that rules out my cable, however the horizontal cabling is more than 10 metres. So what\u2019s between the horizontal cabling and the remote-end client? You have three suspects: 1) The remote-end punch block; 2) the remote-end patch cable; and 3) remote-end client.<\/p>\n
Culprit was the remote-end punch block and the horizontal cabling: Cable contractors only terminated two pairs.<\/p>\n
Never ask a boy to do a man\u2019s job!<\/p>\n
Interface<\/p>\n
Speed<\/p>\n
Local pair<\/p>\n
Pair length<\/p>\n
Remote pair<\/p>\n
Pair status<\/p>\n
Gi1\/0\/48<\/p>\n
auto<\/p>\n
Pair A<\/p>\n
149 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair B<\/p>\n
Normal<\/p>\n
Pair B<\/p>\n
151 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair A<\/p>\n
Normal<\/p>\n
Pair C<\/p>\n
35 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair D<\/p>\n
Short\/Impedance Mism<\/p>\n
Pair D<\/p>\n
21 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
Pair C<\/p>\n
Short\/Impedance Mism<\/p>\n
Its results like the ones above that makes me want to cry.<\/p>\n
Ok, I look under \u201cPair status\u201d and I see \u201cShort\/Impedance Mism\u201d for Pair C and D. No question about it. It\u2019s bad cabling. This is not what makes me want to cry. Look at under \u201cPair length\u201d of Pair A and B. NOW cry.<\/p>\n
Should I be worried?<\/p>\n
Interface<\/p>\n
Speed<\/p>\n
Local pair<\/p>\n
Pair length<\/p>\n
Remote pair<\/p>\n
Pair status<\/p>\n
Fa0\/39<\/p>\n
100M<\/p>\n
Pair A<\/p>\n
6 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
N\/A<\/p>\n
Open<\/p>\n
Pair B<\/p>\n
49 +\/- 1 meters<\/p>\n
N\/A<\/p>\n
Open<\/p>\n
Pair C<\/p>\n
N\/A<\/p>\n
N\/A<\/p>\n
Not Supported<\/p>\n
Pair D<\/p>\n
N\/A<\/p>\n
N\/A<\/p>\n
Not Supported<\/p>\n
Looking at the result, I can confidently say that the appliance was a 48-port Cisco Catalyst 2960. How? Look under \u201cInterface\u201d. Look at \u201cPair status\u201d for Pair C and D. Only the plain 2960 FastEthernet ports can support TDR.<\/p>\n
But look at \u201cPair status\u201d for Pairs A and B. What does that mean?<\/p>\n
Drawing2.jpg<\/p>\n
It means that the remote-end (Red) patch cable is missing.<\/p>\n
Weird things have happened before<\/p>\n
I\u2019ve taken the opportunity to do limited testing on TDR on a 4510R+E. The chassis has a Sup7E and with a X4548-RJ45V+ line card (IOS version 03.01.01.SG). The result(s) are very, very weird. Oh, by the way, the TDR testing on this setup takes 60 seconds. 60 seconds! Good grief! I have no idea whether the Sup7E or the line card is the factor.<\/p>\n
The sample below is coming from a GOOD cable:<\/p>\n
Interface<\/p>\n
Speed<\/p>\n
Local pair<\/p>\n
Pair length<\/p>\n
Remote pair<\/p>\n
Pair status<\/p>\n
Gi2\/36<\/p>\n
1Gbps<\/p>\n
1-2<\/p>\n
29 +\/-10m<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
Fault<\/p>\n
3-6<\/p>\n
30 +\/-10m<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
Fault<\/p>\n
4-5<\/p>\n
29 +\/-10m<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
Fault<\/p>\n
7-8<\/p>\n
30 +\/-10m<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
Fault<\/p>\n
And the sample below is coming from a BAD cable:<\/p>\n
Interface<\/p>\n
Speed<\/p>\n
Local pair<\/p>\n
Pair length<\/p>\n
Remote pair<\/p>\n
Pair status<\/p>\n
Gi2\/37<\/p>\n
0Mbps<\/p>\n
1-2<\/p>\n
56 +\/-10m<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
Fault<\/p>\n
3-6<\/p>\n
0 m<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
Fault<\/p>\n
4-5<\/p>\n
56 +\/-10m<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
Fault<\/p>\n
7-8<\/p>\n
59 +\/-10m<\/p>\n
Unknown<\/p>\n
Fault<\/p>\n
As you can see, whether or not you have a good or a bad cable the result from the \u201cRemote pair\u201d and \u201cStatus\u201d can be deceiving. The ONLY WAY to determine if you have a bad cable issue or not is to look at the \u201cSpeed\u201d and the output to the \u201cPair length\u201d.<\/p>\n
I am suspecting that the misleading result of the \u201cRemote pair\u201d and the \u201cPair status\u201d is an IOS bug.<\/p>\n
— END OF TRANSMISSION —<\/p>\n
Tags:how to use tdrproduct_information_expert_documenttdrTime-Domain Reflectometer
\nCOMMENTS
\nEdwin Summers
\nEdwin Summers Participant Participant
\n\u200e10-12-2011 06:31 AM
\nGreat document – thanks! I was not aware of this feature and look forward to trying it out in the lab. A few questions I’m researching that you may know based on your experience:<\/p>\n
1. Are there options to change cable characteristics (such as NVP)?<\/p>\n
2. Do you know if there is a minimum cable-under-test lenght or what the accuracy of the length measurement is (assuming all cable characteristics are known)? (Example: I’ve used a Fluke Optiview where the minimum CUT was 3ft and accuracy was +\/-6ft assuming the correct cable characteristics were provided.)<\/p>\n
Regardless, this can be an invaluable tool. I had the benefit of being able to borrow a TDR from work for my home Cat6 install and it saved much time and troubleshooting effort down the road. I was immediately aware of any issues that required re-pulling or reterminating runs before I had data problems down the road. The TDR isn’t just an installer’s tool. Anyone that integrates, installs, or upgrades network equipment can benefit from knowing how to use this feature. At some point you will likely be establishing connectivity across infrastructure that someone else installed, and “proving” that the cabling is the problem can be a difficult task. The TDR is a great asset in this case, especially when the equipment is too far apart to simply run a known-good patch cord.<\/p>\n
Leo Laohoo
\nHall of Fame Guru Leo Laohoo Hall of Fame Guru Hall of Fame Guru
\n\u200e10-12-2011 02:12 PM
\n1. Are there options to change cable characteristics (such as NVP)?
\nNope. Not possible.<\/p>\n
2. Do you know if there is a minimum cable-under-test lenght or what the accuracy of the length measurement is (assuming all cable characteristics are known)? (Example: I’ve used a Fluke Optiview where the minimum CUT was 3ft and accuracy was +\/-6ft assuming the correct cable characteristics were provided.)
\nSomeone tested this and apparently is accurate based on the “+\/-” figures posted.<\/p>\n
Regardless, this can be an invaluable tool. I had the benefit of being able to borrow a TDR from work for my home Cat6 install and it saved much time and troubleshooting effort down the road.
\nWe are rolling out >400 wireless access points across the network. You have no idea how this tool has helped us (of course the cable contractors were not too pleased).<\/p>\n
The TDR is a great asset in this case, especially when the equipment is too far apart to simply run a known-good patch cord.
\nFor our WAPs, we purchased a significant quantity of patch cable. With TDR, we found around 9%-10% failure rate. And these are BRAND-NEW cables.<\/p>\n
By the way, thanks for the feedback. I’m still in the process of formating the document properly and making improvements (grammar and spelling).<\/p>\n
ankugarg
\nankugarg Participant Participant
\n\u200e10-14-2011 04:44 AM
\nVery nicely written article..Everything is explained to full.<\/p>\n
I tried these on my setup.I got pair length on 3 +\/- 10..Error of 10 m for a length of 3m looks weird.You have any idea how does the switch derives the value of error ?<\/p>\n
You said that Pair C and Pair D are not relevant for fast ethernet.What about pair D for fast ethernet poe port ?<\/p>\n
Leo Laohoo
\nHall of Fame Guru Leo Laohoo Hall of Fame Guru Hall of Fame Guru
\n\u200e10-14-2011 04:20 PM
\nYou said that Pair C and Pair D are not relevant for fast ethernet.What about pair D for fast ethernet poe port ?
\nWon’t work because TDR feature on FastEthernet for 2960 will only test for Pairs A and B. There’s no way to test Pair D. It’ll come up as “Not Supported”.<\/p>\n
I tried these on my setup.I got pair length on 3 +\/- 10..Error of 10 m for a length of 3m looks weird.You have any idea how does the switch derives the value of error ?<\/p>\n
Sorry, Ankur. Your guess is as good as mine. This is internal to Cisco and I’m my electrical knowledge level is, frankly, non-existence. Length of 3 and an error of 10? That’s not a value I’d take. What IOS are you running? I’ve seen results like these when we were using 12.2(50)SE or something …<\/p>\n
Does that help Ankur?<\/p>\n
ankugarg
\nankugarg Participant Participant
\n\u200e10-14-2011 08:09 PM
\nThanks leolaohoo for reply..IOS used is 15.0(1)SE,of which you are totally against<\/p>\n
kapathak
\nkapathak Cisco Employee Cisco Employee
\n\u200e10-15-2011 09:19 AM
\nExcellet Doc! TDR is a very handy but often overlooked tool.<\/p>\n
+5!<\/p>\n
Leo Laohoo
\nHall of Fame Guru Leo Laohoo Hall of Fame Guru Hall of Fame Guru
\n\u200e10-15-2011 03:56 PM
\nThanks leolaohoo for reply..IOS used is 15.0(1)SE,of which you are totally against
\nLOL!<\/p>\n
I may be against using 15.0(1) BUT the TDR function of this version is pretty good. So can I ask if you try another patch cable?<\/p>\n
Excellet Doc! TDR is a very handy but often overlooked tool.<\/p>\n
Thanks for the rating and comments Kapil. Let me know if you guys\/gals have any feedbacks\/comments\/questions\/violent reactions so I can make improvement(s) to the document.<\/p>\n
By the way, can you guys\/gals from Cisco confirm if TDR is supported in Nexus?<\/p>\n
ankugarg
\nankugarg Participant Participant
\n\u200e10-16-2011 12:53 AM
\nSure,will try with another patch cable and let you know the results…If i’ll be able to get to access any nexus,i’ll let you know if it support tdr or not.<\/p>\n
ankugarg
\nankugarg Participant Participant
\n\u200e10-18-2011 11:35 PM
\nHi Leolaohoo,<\/p>\n
I have two switches connected.I ran the test on both the switches,on the interface on which they are connected.Following are the results–<\/p>\n
IBD!!#sh cable-diagnostics tdr interface g1\/0\/14<\/p>\n
TDR test last run on: March 22 18:04:41<\/p>\n
Interface Speed Local pair Pair length Remote pair Pair status<\/p>\n
——— —– ———- —————— ———– ——————–<\/p>\n
Gi1\/0\/14 1000M Pair A 1 +\/- 10 meters Pair B Normal<\/p>\n
Pair B 1 +\/- 10 meters Pair A Normal<\/p>\n
Pair C 1 +\/- 10 meters Pair D Normal<\/p>\n
Pair D 1 +\/- 10 meters Pair C Normal<\/p>\n
4-mem-stack#sh cable-diagnostics tdr interface g4\/0\/14<\/p>\n
TDR test last run on: March 17 05:48:28<\/p>\n
Interface Speed Local pair Pair length Remote pair Pair status<\/p>\n
——— —– ———- —————— ———– ——————–<\/p>\n
Gi4\/0\/14 1000M Pair A 21 +\/- 1 meters Pair A Normal<\/p>\n
Pair B 21 +\/- 1 meters Pair B Normal<\/p>\n
Pair C 21 +\/- 1 meters Pair C Normal<\/p>\n
Pair D 21 +\/- 1 meters Pair D Normal<\/p>\n
4-mem-stack#<\/p>\n
4-mem-stack#sh cdp nei | inc 4\/0\/14<\/p>\n
IBD!! Gig 4\/0\/14 175 R S I WS-C3750E Gig 1\/0\/14<\/p>\n
Now two questions–<\/p>\n
1)Why is cable length different in both the cases.Is it normal ?<\/p>\n
2)First result implies that it is cross over cable,while second result implies that it is straight cable..Are these results ok?<\/p>\n
Thanks,<\/p>\n
Ankur<\/p>\n
ankugarg
\nankugarg Participant Participant
\n\u200e10-18-2011 11:41 PM
\nI was able to access one Nexus 7k..TDR command was available on that device.<\/p>\n
Leo Laohoo
\nHall of Fame Guru Leo Laohoo Hall of Fame Guru Hall of Fame Guru
\n\u200e10-19-2011 04:07 PM
\nIt’s because of MDI\/MDI-X. I replicated what you saw when using a straight-through cable. Now when I change the cable to a cross-over and turned off MDI\/MDI-X, the result came back the same length and error but the cable is reporting to be a straight-through cable.<\/p>\n
Both switches running the same IOS, 12.2(58)SE2.<\/p>\n
Thanks for the confirming the TDR on the Nexus 7K. Document updated about Nexus 7K support.<\/p>\n
(Does the 2K\/5K support TDR too?)<\/p>\n
Leo Laohoo
\nHall of Fame Guru Leo Laohoo Hall of Fame Guru Hall of Fame Guru
\n\u200e11-14-2011 02:42 PM
\nCorrections:<\/p>\n
Pair C controls PoE and Pair D controls GigabitEthernet.<\/p>\n
George Stefanick
\nGeorge Stefanick Advisor Advisor
\n\u200e11-16-2011 07:59 AM
\nLeo – nice read!<\/p>\n
Leo Laohoo
\nHall of Fame Guru Leo Laohoo Hall of Fame Guru Hall of Fame Guru
\n\u200e11-16-2011 12:55 PM
\nThanks George.<\/p>\n
George Stefanick
\nGeorge Stefanick Advisor Advisor
\n\u200e11-17-2011 01:58 PM
\nby the way i posted this on my blog<\/p>\n
Details:\u00a0https:\/\/community.cisco.com\/t5\/network-architecture-documents\/how-to-use-time-domain-reflectometer-tdr\/ta-p\/3119327<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I\u2019m no electrical engineer, (the closest experience I have with electricity is the amount of electrocution I received when I […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,30,31,32,33,25,16,19,2,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ccie-rs","category-ccna","category-ccnp-route","category-ccnp-switch","category-ccnp-tshoot","category-cisco","category-courses","category-issues","category-kien-thuc","category-networking"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1269"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1269\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1269"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1269"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}