{"id":819,"date":"2018-07-13T12:26:58","date_gmt":"2018-07-13T05:26:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/?p=819"},"modified":"2018-07-13T12:26:58","modified_gmt":"2018-07-13T05:26:58","slug":"tim-hieu-qua-ve-mpls-vpn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/?p=819","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U QUA V\u1ec0 MPLS &#8211; VPN"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>1. VPN:<\/b><br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0 1 m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean 1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng chung<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Reachable<\/b>: t\u00ednh truy c\u1eadp, g\u00f3i tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi t\u1eeb 1 cty t\u1edbi 1 chi nh\u00e1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng VPN<\/li>\n<li><b>Isolated<\/b>: T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ly, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/li>\n<li><b>Transparent<\/b>: H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a ISP ph\u1ea3i trong su\u1ed1t v\u1edbi minh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a minh ph\u1ea3i trong su\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ISP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i VPN:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overlay VPN<\/li>\n<li>Peer-to-peer VPN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>2. Overlay VPN<\/b><br \/>\n&#8211; Do ISP cung c\u1ea5p hay doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c site c\u1ee7a minh<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Frame relay: VPN tr\u00ean layer 2 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng PVC<\/li>\n<li>ATM (layer 2)<\/li>\n<li>GRE _VPN (layer 3)<\/li>\n<li>IPSEC \u2013 VPN (layer 3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/preview_html_m598fc45b.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/preview_html_m598fc45b.gif\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/preview_html_m598fc45b.gif\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/div>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 102, 103.. l\u00e0 c\u00e1c DLCI, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ch\u1ea1y chung tr\u00ean 1 con frame relay switch<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0<b>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f3 t\u00ednh bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c VPN, gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n,kh\u00f4ng tham gia \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c VPN ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai b\u00e1o t\u0129nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u2013\u0111i\u1ec3m: c\u00e1c VC ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai b\u00e1o tay su\u1ed1t tuy\u1ebfn (manually configuration)<\/li>\n<li>Mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng full \u2013 mesh \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c VC =&gt; t\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c VPN kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau. Kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i Internet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>3. Peer to peer VPN<\/b><br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tham gia \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0<b>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c site c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d: d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00eam VPN, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c VPN kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i Internet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i tham gia \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>PE router (Router bi\u00ean) ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u route c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ecdc route, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p IP gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-OwDwrXuseZc\/U8k8FWIpIVI\/AAAAAAAABnQ\/J1sUsQf2P9E\/w636-h376-no\/462.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-OwDwrXuseZc\/U8k8FWIpIVI\/AAAAAAAABnQ\/J1sUsQf2P9E\/w636-h376-no\/462.png\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-OwDwrXuseZc\/U8k8FWIpIVI\/AAAAAAAABnQ\/J1sUsQf2P9E\/w636-h376-no\/462.png\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/div>\n<p>&#8211; Khi tri\u1ec3n khai Peer to peer th\u00ec c\u00e1c router ISP tham gia \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh Reachable.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh Isolated. V\u00ec Router 1A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Router 1B, 2A, 2B\u2026<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 1A ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Router 2A th\u00ec Router PE1 tri\u1ec3n khai t\u00ednh n\u0103ng filter route nh\u01b0: Distribute list, redistribute, prefix list, redistribute, route map\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<p><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-GtTFMMV0bAc\/U8k8FV5vBMI\/AAAAAAAABnI\/Kvr1vdGL3zg\/w596-h359-no\/464.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-GtTFMMV0bAc\/U8k8FV5vBMI\/AAAAAAAABnI\/Kvr1vdGL3zg\/w596-h359-no\/464.png\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-GtTFMMV0bAc\/U8k8FV5vBMI\/AAAAAAAABnI\/Kvr1vdGL3zg\/w596-h359-no\/464.png\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng khi \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o ISP s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0: OSPF, EIGRP \u2026 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ISP ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y 1 giao th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n route t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. N\u00ean l\u1edbp core c\u1ee7a ISP s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao th\u1ee9c BPG<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1c Route c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau. Route c\u1ee7a router 1A ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi route c\u1ee7a 1B\u2026 =&gt; \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf VRF A, VRF B.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>VRF\u00a0<\/b>(virtual Routing Forward):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean PE router<\/li>\n<li>L\u00fac n\u00e0y tr\u00ean Router PE(router bi\u00ean), m\u1ed7i VRF s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t VPN kh\u00e1c h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; Router PE s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u1ea3i. M\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd s\u1edf h\u1eefu 1 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u1ea3o ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c Router core b\u00ean trong th\u00ec v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c Global Routing table<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 overlap IP \u1edf v\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i Router PE. Nh\u01b0ng khi redistribute c\u00e1c Router tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng RVF v\u00e0o trong core l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p Route.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea7n 1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c Route trong core th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 1 tham s\u1ed1 RD (Route Distinguisher)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>RD\u00a0<\/b>&#8211; (Route Distinguisher) : L\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00e1c route s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n th\u00eam 1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 RD<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>RD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c IPv4 Prefix route \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c route \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Router.<\/li>\n<li>RD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n d\u00e0i 64 bit c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng: ASN:nn (ASN l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 Autonomous system number)<\/li>\n<li>RD \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m v\u1edbi IPv4 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 VPNv4 d\u00e0i 96 bit (32 bit IPv4 + 64 bit RD)<\/li>\n<li>=&gt; BGP ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c route IPv4 n\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ta sinh ra giao th\u1ee9c MP &#8211; BGP \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c route VPNv4 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c PE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; RT (Route Target)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh community m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a BGP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem route n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb MP \u2013BGP s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c import (\u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o) VRF.<\/li>\n<li>RT c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 16bits (AS number):16bits(s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y th\u00edch). Nh\u01b0ng 16bits \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh 32bits.<\/li>\n<li>RT l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a BGP, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh debug ip bgp update \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c route update nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 RT c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3 RT n\u1eb1m trong thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a BGP (type 16).<\/li>\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: RT c\u1ee7a site A (import) = RT c\u1ee7a site B (export) th\u00ec Site A th\u1ea5y routes c\u1ee7a Site B.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>=&gt; \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Peer-to-peer VPN d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o routing ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0<b>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c Router core c\u1ee7a ISP c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y BPG v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh full mesh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Route nh\u01b0 router PE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>=&gt; Tri\u1ec3n khai MPLS trong l\u1edbp core ISP v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 Router PE m\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y MP-BGP \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ednh trong su\u1ed1t<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c Router core ISP kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c route c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1c h\u00e0ng (BGP free core)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 MPLS VPN.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u00f3i tin IPv4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi t\u1eeb CE Router \u0111\u1ebfn PE Router v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3ng VRF.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f3i tin IPv4 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 RD \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP tr\u00f9ng l\u1ea5p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 VPNv4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi t\u1eeb PE router n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn PE router kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng giao th\u1ee9c MP BGP.<\/li>\n<li>PE Router \u0111\u1ea7u xa nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 VPNv4 g\u1edf b\u1ecf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb RD , cho v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng VRF d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb RT \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed5ng ra v\u00e0 g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn cho CE Router \u0111\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/fbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net\/hphotos-ak-ash3\/552033_269219539853154_956495365_n.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/fbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net\/hphotos-ak-ash3\/552033_269219539853154_956495365_n.jpg\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/fbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net\/hphotos-ak-ash3\/552033_269219539853154_956495365_n.jpg\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/div>\n<p>&#8211; MPLS VPN s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 2 nh\u00e3n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ea7u ra (Top \u2013 Label)<\/b>: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Router PE \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/li>\n<li><b>Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9 2 ( Second \u2013 Label)<\/b>\u00a0Khi \u0111i t\u1edbi PE \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u00ec nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9 2 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh VPN ( VRF \u0111\u1ea7u ra)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>=&gt; MPLS VPN l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt peer to peer VPN tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n MPLS v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. VPN: &#8211; L\u00e0 1 m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean 1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng chung &#8211; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,31,25,16,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ccie-rs","category-ccnp-route","category-cisco","category-courses","category-networking"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=819"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/819\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}