{"id":825,"date":"2018-07-13T14:08:32","date_gmt":"2018-07-13T07:08:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/?p=825"},"modified":"2018-07-13T14:08:32","modified_gmt":"2018-07-13T07:08:32","slug":"tim-hieu-qua-ve-mpls","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/?p=825","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U QUA V\u1ec0 MPLS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u MPLS<\/b><br \/>\n&#8211; MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) L\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n \u0111a giao th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Switching (chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch)<\/li>\n<li>Label (nh\u00e3n)<\/li>\n<li>Multiprotocol ( \u0111a giao th\u1ee9c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/net-mpls_network.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/net-mpls_network.gif\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/net-mpls_network.gif\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/div>\n<p>&#8211; Switching (chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch): C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean MAC nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ethernet switch<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean IP trong IP header<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean DLCI nh\u01b0 frame relay<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi MPLS n\u00f3 ko d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n=&gt; Nh\u1edd t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m MPLS c\u00f3 1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a MPLS ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t Multiprotocol(\u0111a giao th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n<p><b>2. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a MPLS<\/b><br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0<b>MPLS \u2013 VPN\u00a0<\/b>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean layer 3, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng megawan d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n MPLS do c\u00e1c ISP cung c\u1ea5p (MPLS n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ea7ng core c\u1ee7a ISP v\u00e0 n\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf cho frame relay). \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed r\u1ebb<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhanh<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u00e2n lu\u1ed3ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>AToM<\/b>\u00a0(any transport over MPLS) S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean layer 2, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c ISP cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u00ea ri\u00eang \u1edf layer 2 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lease line k\u00eanh tr\u1eafng(point to point): ch\u1ea1y giao th\u1ee9c HDLC v\u00e0 PPP<\/li>\n<li>Frame relay<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ATM<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ethernet (802.1 Q \u2013 in \u2013 Q hay l\u00e0 L2 protocol tunneling)<br \/>\n=&gt;\u00a0<i>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Frame relay th\u00ec ISP ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Frame relay nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c con frame relay Switch, ho\u1eb7c thu\u00ea ATM th\u00ec ISP ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ATM \u2026<\/i><br \/>\n=&gt; Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi MPLS ISP ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ec7nh thu\u00ea ri\u00eang \u1edf tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady MPLS cho truy\u1ec1n \u0111a giao th\u1ee9c l\u1edbp 2 tr\u00ean 1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng duy nh\u1ea5t. [\/I]<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ethernet over MPLS: L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng Ethernet, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Ethernet ra 1 qu\u1ed1c gia\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>Traffic \u2013 Engineering\u00a0<\/b>(K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a traffic. V\u00ed du: 30% \u0111i qua ISP 1 v\u00e0 70% \u0111i qua ISP2 \u2026<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi QoS l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 ngh\u1ebdn th\u00ec QoS m\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n<li><i>Traffic \u2013 engineering c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3 path v\u00e0 Route<\/i>. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n traffic \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>QoS tr\u00ean MPLS<\/b><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>BGP \u2013 Free Core<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1edbi c\u00e1c Router c\u1ee7a ISP th\u00ec b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u route. H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng corre c\u1ee7a ISP th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u full mesh, n\u00ean m\u1ed7i Router ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc hang tri\u1ec7u route. =&gt; Ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/li>\n<li>V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 MPLS th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Router bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ISP m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y BGP, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c Router core b\u00ean trong ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y MPLS, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn BGP. B\u1edfi v\u00ec MPLS cho ph\u00e9p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tra c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng tin IP m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00e3n. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>=&gt;\u00a0<i>\u0110i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i MPLS l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>3. Routing v\u00e0 switching<\/b><br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Router l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 1 thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0<b>\u00a0Routing<\/b>\u00a0(\u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn) v\u00e0\u00a0<b>Switching<\/b>\u00a0(chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Routing<\/b>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c static route hay dynamic route \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch<\/li>\n<li><b>Switching<\/b>: Vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n g\u00f3i tin t\u1eeb interface n\u00e0y qua interface kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean Router n\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Switching (chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/image001.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/image001.png\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/image001.png\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/div>\n<p>&#8211; Router \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh 2 b\u1ea3ng<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Control Plane<\/b>: Chuy\u00ean lo vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, g\u1ed3m 2 ph\u1ea7n\n<ul>\n<li><b>Routing Protocol<\/b>: Giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi route kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 cho ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn RIB<\/li>\n<li><b>RIB (Routing information Base)<\/b>: B\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c route<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Data Plane<\/b>: Chuy\u00ean lo vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch IP: Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean Router l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch IP. G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Process Switching<\/b>:\n<ul>\n<li>Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, CPU sau khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n xong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ki\u00eam lu\u00f4n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<li>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Control Plane ki\u00eam lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 Data Plane.<\/li>\n<li>=&gt; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Fast switching<\/b>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, Cisco \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam control plane v\u00e0o. Khi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111i v\u00e0o Router th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn RIB, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 1 b\u1ea3ng Cache tr\u00ean Data Plane<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3ng cache s\u1ebd cache c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng RIB.<\/li>\n<li>=&gt;\u00a0<b>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b>: B\u1ea3ng Cache tr\u00ean Data Plane kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadp k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn RIB khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>CEF<\/b>\u00a0\u2013 Cisco Express Forwarding:\n<ul>\n<li>Cisco \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3ng FIB (Forwarding information Base) B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng RIB<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin \u0111i v\u00e0o Router n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tra b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 g\u00f3i tin se \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng Data Plane v\u00e0 tra v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng FIB v\u00e0 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng ra ngo\u00e0i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"http:\/\/aftabsiddiqui.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/RIB-FIB-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"http:\/\/aftabsiddiqui.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/RIB-FIB-1.jpg\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"http:\/\/aftabsiddiqui.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/RIB-FIB-1.jpg\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/img014.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/img014.jpg\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/img014.jpg\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/div>\n<div><b>4. Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n<\/b><br \/>\n&#8211; 1998 Cisco IOS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<b>Tag Switching<\/b>, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh MPLS<br \/>\n&#8211; MPLS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n, \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Data Plane n\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00eam 1 khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n.<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0<b>Control Plane<\/b>\u00a0g\u1ed3m<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Routing Protocol<\/b>: Trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho ra b\u1ea3ng RIB<\/li>\n<li><b>RIB (IP routing table)<\/b>: B\u1ea3ng RIB \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c burn xu\u1ed1ng cho b\u1ea3ng FIB tr\u00ean Data Plane<\/li>\n<li><b>Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)<\/b>: Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 giao th\u1ee9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ri\u00eang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 LDP<\/li>\n<li><b>Label information Base (LIB)<\/b>: Sau khi trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 thu th\u00e2p th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb1m trong LIB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>Data Plane<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>IP forwarding Table (FIB)<\/b>: Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin IP<\/li>\n<li><b>Label Forwarding Table (LFIB)<\/b>: Trong b\u1ea3ng LIB c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e3n th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tham chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng FIB \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea3ng LFIB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi 1 g\u00f3i tin \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ebfu<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch IP th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tra v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng FIB<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tra v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; Trong b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m 2 b\u1ea3ng<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>LIB<\/b>: b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n<\/li>\n<li><b>LFIB<\/b>: B\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<p><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mpls-arch.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mpls-arch.png\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mpls-arch.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MPLS_Control_Plane_Data_Plane.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MPLS_Control_Plane_Data_Plane.jpg\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MPLS_Control_Plane_Data_Plane.jpg\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\u200b<\/div>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c Router R1, R2, R3, R4 v\u1eabn ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi route trong b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n cho 1 c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ta c\u00f3 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng 10.0.0.0\/8 \u1edf R4 th\u00ec R4 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u00e1n 1 c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n cho route 10.0.0.0\/8 l\u00e0 17 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y qua chi R3.<\/li>\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 R3 khi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng 10.0.0.0\/8 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u00e1n th\u00eam 1 c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n ch route 10.0.0.0\/8 l\u00e0 23 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y qua cho R2.<\/li>\n<li>R2 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/li>\n<li>R1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ec v\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng IP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/GZBvlAYiqAEk3OVSbXSbI1TDsm4ZJap58EmL3sgR9GM=w706-h261-no\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/GZBvlAYiqAEk3OVSbXSbI1TDsm4ZJap58EmL3sgR9GM=w706-h261-no\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/GZBvlAYiqAEk3OVSbXSbI1TDsm4ZJap58EmL3sgR9GM=w706-h261-no\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/div>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>Khi c\u00f3 1 g\u00f3i tin t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng 10.0.0.1\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R1 s\u1ebd tra tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng FIB\u00a0(v\u00ec g\u00f3i tin \u0111ang \u1edf v\u00f9ng IP n\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tra b\u1ea3ng FIB v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 ko tra tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn) v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u00e3n nh\u00e3n s\u00f4 25 cho route 10.0.0.1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y qua cho R2<\/li>\n<li>R2 l\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin IP m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n s\u1ed1 25. N\u00f3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n n\u00f3 th\u1ea5y nh\u00e3n 25 ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nh\u00e3n 23. N\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u1ee1 nh\u00e3n s\u1ed1 25 v\u00e0 d\u00e1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e3n s\u1ed1 23 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y qua cho R3<\/li>\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 R3 s\u1ebd tra b\u1ea3ng nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee1 nh\u00e3n 23 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nh\u00e3n 17 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y qua cho R4<\/li>\n<li>R4 l\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u1ee1 nh\u00e3n s\u1ed1 17 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c IP \u0111\u1ec3 tra b\u1ea3ng FIB \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y g\u00f3i tin \u0111i ti\u1ebfp<br \/>\n=&gt;\u00a0<i>Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00e3n, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng IP =&gt; MPLS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a giao th\u1ee9c<\/i>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n 1 ch\u00fat<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-bcqL-vy3KlQ\/U8kGpMvPAPI\/AAAAAAAABlw\/Gk3MgLXP4_U\/w621-h300-no\/457.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-bcqL-vy3KlQ\/U8kGpMvPAPI\/AAAAAAAABlw\/Gk3MgLXP4_U\/w621-h300-no\/457.png\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-bcqL-vy3KlQ\/U8kGpMvPAPI\/AAAAAAAABlw\/Gk3MgLXP4_U\/w621-h300-no\/457.png\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/div>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi c\u00f3 1 g\u00f3i tin \u0111i v\u00e0o R2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn R5 th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng nh\u00e3n n\u00e0o<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ea3ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n c\u1ee7a R2 v\u1ea5n l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ee7 2 nh\u00e3n trong b\u1ea3ng LIB<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0<i>ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u00e0o t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng LFIB<\/i>. L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>6. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u00e3n<\/b><br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0 1 m\u1eabu tin d\u00e0i 4 byte g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0<b>Label<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u1ed3m c\u00e1c bit t\u1eeb 0 -&gt; 19, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb 0 -&gt; 2^20 -1<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c bit t\u1eeb 0 -&gt; 15 l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang, ko \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 16 -&gt; 2^20-1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n cho c\u00e1c route. V\u1edbi Cisco default ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb 16 -&gt; 100.000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>EXP<\/b>: d\u00f9ng trong QoS<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0<b>S<\/b>\u00a0( Bottom of Stack): Cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng nh\u00e3n hay kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bit S b\u1eadt l\u00ean = 1 th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/li>\n<li>Bit S b\u1eadt l\u00ean = 0 th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3 c\u00f2n nh\u00e3n n\u1eefa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211;<b>TTL<\/b>: T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng TTL c\u1ee7a IP header<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hep.ucl.ac.uk\/~ytl\/qos\/images\/mpls_headerlabel_01.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hep.ucl.ac.uk\/~ytl\/qos\/images\/mpls_headerlabel_01.gif\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.hep.ucl.ac.uk\/~ytl\/qos\/images\/mpls_headerlabel_01.gif\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n\u200b<\/div>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa IP header v\u00e0 Frame Header. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n gi\u1eefa layer 2 v\u00e0 layer 3 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea layer 2,5\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mceSmilieSprite mceSmilie1\" title=\"Smile :)\" src=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/clear.png\" alt=\":)\" \/>\u00a0)<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MPLS_Header_color.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MPLS_Header_color.jpg\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MPLS_Header_color.jpg\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n\u200b<\/div>\n<p><b>7. Giao th\u1ee9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e3n<\/b><br \/>\n&#8211; MPLS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 2 giao th\u1ee9c UDP(646) v\u00e0 TCP(646)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>UDP th\u00ec d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi nhau, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin hello<\/li>\n<li>TCP d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e3n v\u1edbi nhau<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/ldp3.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/ldp3.jpg\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lagonet.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/ldp3.jpg\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/div>\n<p>&#8211; N\u00ean MPLS c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i neighbor l\u00e0 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng hello v\u00e0 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e3n v\u1edbi nhau<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-AkYHh9WtQUk\/U8kP0EOI1KI\/AAAAAAAABmI\/sEZk9o0dvnc\/w679-h391-no\/458.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-AkYHh9WtQUk\/U8kP0EOI1KI\/AAAAAAAABmI\/sEZk9o0dvnc\/w679-h391-no\/458.png\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/-AkYHh9WtQUk\/U8kP0EOI1KI\/AAAAAAAABmI\/sEZk9o0dvnc\/w679-h391-no\/458.png\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div><b>8. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh MPLS<\/b><br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi Router Cisco g\u1ed3m 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1eadt c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf CEF: &#8220;<b>ip cef<\/b>&#8220;<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eadt MPLS tr\u00ean c\u00e1c interface:\u00a0<b>mpls ip<\/b><\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh MTU cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n:\u00a0<b>mpls mtu 1512<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/-E1QLuNNLj40\/U8kRS_U1CzI\/AAAAAAAABmg\/sGiT-aVpKk4\/w663-h380-no\/459.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/-E1QLuNNLj40\/U8kRS_U1CzI\/AAAAAAAABmg\/sGiT-aVpKk4\/w663-h380-no\/459.png\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/-E1QLuNNLj40\/U8kRS_U1CzI\/AAAAAAAABmg\/sGiT-aVpKk4\/w663-h380-no\/459.png\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n\u200b<\/div>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<b>Ch\u00fa \u00fd<\/b>: Khi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh MPLS n\u00f3 c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i giao th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>TDP<\/b>: L\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 Cisco<\/li>\n<li><b>LDP<\/b>: L\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; N\u00ean \u1edf interface f0\/0 c\u1ee7a Router B khi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi 2 Router s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 2 giao th\u1ee9c TDP v\u00e0 LDP th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i g\u00f5 l\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>[TABLE=&#8221;class: outer_border, width: 500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><i>\/\/ ch\u01a1i c\u1ea3 2 lo\u1ea1i giao th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean<\/i><br \/>\nRouter(config-if)#mpls label protocol both<br \/>\n[\/TABLE]<\/p>\n<p>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/-nABJu_CTLvU\/U8kRSzJPL9I\/AAAAAAAABmo\/aSZVGle_OoQ\/w585-h381-no\/460.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/-nABJu_CTLvU\/U8kRSzJPL9I\/AAAAAAAABmo\/aSZVGle_OoQ\/w585-h381-no\/460.png\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/-nABJu_CTLvU\/U8kRSzJPL9I\/AAAAAAAABmo\/aSZVGle_OoQ\/w585-h381-no\/460.png\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n\u200b<\/div>\n<p><b>&#8211; MTU<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00f3i tin l\u1edbp 3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 2 l\u00e0 1500 Byte.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e0 khi g\u00e1n th\u00eam 4 byte nh\u00e3n v\u00e0o n\u1eefa th\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u00f3ng xu\u1ed1ng cho layer 2 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 1504 byte.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i khai b\u00e1o l\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc MTU b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<p>[TABLE=&#8221;class: outer_border, width: 500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Router(config-if)#mpls mtu 1504<br \/>\n[\/TABLE]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"externalLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/-rXPAnpGDuaM\/U8kRS1fwKlI\/AAAAAAAABmk\/leMHTy3yhhY\/w694-h385-no\/461.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bbCodeImage LbImage\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/-rXPAnpGDuaM\/U8kRS1fwKlI\/AAAAAAAABmk\/leMHTy3yhhY\/w694-h385-no\/461.png\" alt=\"[\u200bIMG]\" data-url=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/-rXPAnpGDuaM\/U8kRS1fwKlI\/AAAAAAAABmk\/leMHTy3yhhY\/w694-h385-no\/461.png\" \/><\/a>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u MPLS &#8211; MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) L\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e3n \u0111a giao th\u1ee9c: Switching [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,31,33,25,16,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ccie-rs","category-ccnp-route","category-ccnp-tshoot","category-cisco","category-courses","category-networking"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/825","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=825"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/825\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kb.lagonet.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}